The Do's and Don'ts of Modern Cover Letters in 2024
Cover letters have changed a lot in recent years. Employers now expect applicants to show more than just basic qualifications, they want to see personality, communication skills, and a clear understanding of the role. As applicant tracking systems become standard and competition for jobs intensifies, understanding what to write (and what to leave out) in a cover letter is critical. Cover letter standards in 2025 align with shifting workplace norms and the growing role of digital tools in hiring.
Many job seekers still rely on outdated templates or generic language, which can make their applications blend into the background. A 2023 survey found that recruiters typically scan each cover letter in under 30 seconds.Glassdoor. This means every sentence counts. A well-crafted cover letter can set you apart, while common mistakes can quickly disqualify you from consideration.
Learn what to include (and avoid) when writing an effective modern cover letter. It draws on current research, expert opinions, and data from leading career resources to help you understand what employers look for today. Whether you’re applying for your first job or seeking a career change, these guidelines will help you write a cover letter that stands out for the right reasons.
Understanding the Purpose of a Cover Letter
Cover letters serve as a bridge between your resume and the job description. They allow you to explain why you’re interested in the role and how your skills match the employer’s needs. Recruiters expect applicants to personalize their letters and demonstrate genuine interest in both the company and the position.
Applicant tracking systems have become more sophisticated, scanning cover letters for keywords that match job postings. According to TopResume, tailoring your content to include relevant terms increases your chances of passing initial screenings. However, keyword stuffing is discouraged; recruiters can spot insincerity or unnatural language.
Employers also use cover letters to assess soft skills such as communication, attention to detail, and cultural fit. A recent report from LinkedIn highlights that 77% of hiring managers value soft skills as much as technical abilities. Your cover letter is an opportunity to show these qualities through clear, concise writing and thoughtful examples.
Some companies now consider cover letters optional, but many still view them as a sign of effort and professionalism. If a job posting requests one, not including it can harm your application. Even when optional, submitting a strong cover letter can give you an edge over other candidates.
Knowing what employers expect is essential to crafting a strong cover letter. The following sections break down what you should do (and what you should avoid) to meet today’s standards.
The Do’s: Best Practices for Modern Cover Letters
Successful cover letters share several characteristics. They are tailored, concise, and focused on the employer’s needs. Here are some essential practices to follow:
- Customize Each Letter:Use the hiring manager’s name when available. Reference specific details about the company or role to show you’ve done your research.
- Highlight Relevant Skills: Focus on experiences that directly relate to the job description. Use concrete examples to demonstrate your abilities.
- Keep It Concise: Aim for three to four short paragraphs. Most experts recommend keeping cover letters under one page, about 250-400 words.
- Show Enthusiasm: Express genuine interest in the company and explain why you want the role.
- Edit Carefully: Proofread for spelling and grammar errors. Mistakes can signal carelessness or lack of attention to detail.
Including quantifiable achievements can also strengthen your letter. For example, instead of saying “I improved sales,” specify “I increased sales by 15% within six months.” This approach provides evidence of your impact and helps recruiters understand your value.
Formatting matters as well. Use a professional font and standard margins. Align your text to the left and avoid large blocks of text, which can be hard to read on screens or mobile devices.
The table outlines essential best practices for writing effective modern cover letters.
| Do's | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Personalize content | Shows genuine interest and effort |
| Use relevant keywords | Helps with ATS screening |
| Quantify achievements | Makes your impact clear |
| Edit thoroughly | Demonstrates professionalism |
| Keep it brief | Respects recruiter time constraints |
The Don’ts: Common Mistakes to Avoid
Certain habits can undermine even the strongest qualifications. Avoiding these pitfalls will help ensure your cover letter makes a positive impression:
- Avoid Generic Language: Phrases like “hardworking team player” or “results-oriented professional” are overused and add little value.
- Don’t Repeat Your Resume:Use the cover letter to explain relevant details or highlight important experiences that aren't fully captured in your resume.
- Avoid Negative Language: Don’t mention skills you lack or reasons for leaving previous jobs unless specifically asked.
- Don’t Use Unprofessional Formatting: Avoid unusual fonts, colors, or graphics that distract from your message.
- Avoid Overly Formal or Stiff Tone: Write in a natural, conversational style that reflects your personality while remaining professional.
Another mistake is addressing your letter with “To Whom It May Concern.” When possible, find the hiring manager’s name through LinkedIn or the company website. If unavailable, use a specific title such as “Dear Hiring Manager.”
Submitting a generic or poorly formatted letter can suggest a lack of interest in the role. According to Monster.com, recruiters often skip applications that appear mass-produced or careless.
Finally, avoid discussing salary expectations or benefits unless requested in the job posting. These topics are usually addressed later in the hiring process.
Adapting to Digital Trends: ATS and Online Applications
Digital hiring platforms have reshaped the way employers evaluate cover letters. Many companies use ATS software to filter applications before they reach human eyes. Your cover letter needs to be clear for automated systems and compelling for human readers.
ATS systems scan for keywords related to required skills and qualifications. Review the job description carefully and mirror its language where appropriate. However, avoid keyword stuffing, use terms naturally within sentences.
File format also matters. Most experts recommend submitting cover letters as PDF files unless otherwise specified. PDFs preserve formatting across devices and are generally compatible with ATS software. If submitting through an online portal, paste your content into text boxes rather than uploading a file when instructed. Some systems strip formatting from uploaded documents, which can affect readability.
How Personalization and Storytelling Shape User Experience
Telling a brief story about a relevant achievement can make your letter more memorable. Explaining how you handled a challenge at work highlights both problem-solving skills and original thinking. Keep stories concise and focused on results that align with the job requirements. Personalization goes beyond using the employer’s name. Reference recent company news, projects, or values that resonate with you. This demonstrates that you’ve researched the organization and understand its goals.
Avoid exaggeration or false claims, recruiters often verify details during interviews or reference checks. Being genuine fosters trust and helps ensure both sides understand what to expect. Your tone should reflect both confidence and humility. Express pride in your accomplishments without sounding boastful. Balance enthusiasm with professionalism throughout your letter.
Formatting Tips for Readability and Impact
Use short paragraphs with clear topic sentences. Bullet points can highlight achievements or skills without overwhelming the reader.
- Start with a strong opening: Briefly introduce yourself and state why you’re interested in the role.
- Connect your experience: Relate specific skills or achievements to the job requirements.
- Mention company fit: Explain why you align with the company’s mission or culture.
- Close with a call to action: Politely express interest in discussing your application further.
Avoid dense blocks of text or overly complex sentences. White space improves readability on both desktop and mobile devices.
Traditional and modern cover letters differ in tone, structure, and how they highlight qualifications.
The expectations for cover letters have shifted over time. The table below compares traditional approaches with modern best practices:
| Traditional Cover Letters | Modern Cover Letters |
|---|---|
| Generic greetings (“To Whom It May Concern”) | Personalized greetings using names/titles |
| Lengthy paragraphs detailing entire work history | Brevity with focus on relevant achievements |
| Formal, rigid language | Naturally conversational tone |
| No mention of company specifics | References to company values/projects/news |
| No quantifiable results shared | Clear metrics demonstrating impact |
The Impact of Industry Trends on Cover Letter Content
Certain industries have unique expectations for cover letters. Creative fields may welcome more expressive language or design elements, while finance or law favor straightforward professionalism. Researching industry norms helps tailor your approach accordingly.
Remote work has changed what employers expect to see in cover letters. Employers often seek evidence of self-motivation, adaptability, and digital communication skills. Highlighting remote work experience or proficiency with collaboration tools can be beneficial when applying for hybrid or remote roles.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives are increasingly important across sectors. If relevant, mention involvement in DEI projects or alignment with company values in this area, provided it feels authentic to your experience.
References and Further Reading
This article draws on research from reputable sources including Glassdoor, LinkedIn, TopResume, Monster.com, The Muse, and Harvard Business Review. For more detailed guidance on writing effective cover letters in specific industries or roles, consult these platforms directly.
A modern cover letter should reflect who you are as a professional while addressing what matters most to employers today. Adapting these guidelines to each situation helps you stand out and make a stronger impact during the application process. Keeping up with hiring trends helps maintain an approach that aligns with shifting recruitment practices.